Steady State Thermal Analysis
Steady State Thermal Analysis is one of the fundamental aspects of CFD thermal simulation that we do at our Singapore office in BroadTech Engineering.
Featured Steady State Thermal Analysis Case Studies
CFD analysis using Multi-relaxation Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM)
The goal was to test the accuracy and robustness of method over other versions of LBM. The lid-driven cavity and staggered cavity are used for testing the thermal simulation code.
The thermal analysis results show improved accuracy and flow fields near sharp areas.
CFD Thermal Analysis of Automotive Exhaust Gas Pipe
Prediction of convective heat transfer coefficient in automotive exhaust gas pipe
Objective: The main purpose of this CFD thermal analysis study is to provide the structural design engineers with the fluid side heat transfer coefficient for their analysis.
Methodology:
Mesh: Refined mesh resolved till Y+<1 value.
Solver: Star CCM+
Steady State and 3D
Low-Reynolds number modeling approach for near wall modeling
SST-Kw model to resolve the boundary layer flows in order to better predict the convective heat transfer coefficient (HTC).
Exhaust gases are assumed to be air.
Outcome: Completed various FEM thermal analysis projects in Faurecia for the prediction of HTC in an exhaust gas pipe.
Steady State Thermal Analysis of High-Temperature Gas Effects
DNS of Transition in Hypersonic Boundary-Layer flows including High-Temperature Gas Effects
Objective:
a. The objective of the DNS simulation was to get boundary layer profiles of hypersonic flow (Re = 1e6) over the surface of re-entry capsule.
b. The thermodynamic simulation study required to simulate chemical and thermal non-equilibrium flow to imitate naturally occurring conditions.
c. The profiles were then tested for linear modes of instability to predict tentative transition region over the surface of the capsule.
Methodology/Approach
a. The DNS simulation was performed using NSMB (Navier Stokes Multi-Block Solver) FORTRAN based code on UNIX based LRZ Munich super-computing cluster.
b. The 2D grid was prepared using basic algebraic equations (curve fits to get the concave contours of the re-entry capsule). The staggered grid was used to avoid checkered grid oscillations (given that high-speed flows are susceptible to such oscillations).
c. The following models were adopted for transient thermal analysis simulations:
Park et. al Model for thermal and chemical nonequilibrium considering 5 species (N2, O2, N, O, N and O).
Ficks Law of Mass Diffusion. The forward reaction rates were given by an algebraic curve fit, proposed by Park, Sharma, and Huo.
-Landau-Teller proposed the model for vibrational-translational energy relaxation.
d. Steady state simulation with implicit time scheme with CFL starting at 1e-2 and then increased up to 1e2 to increase the rate of convergence.
e. An isothermal and adiabatic wall is considered for wall boundary conditions.
Conclusion
Among many results only a few most important ones are mentioned here,
a. Thermal And Chemical Nonequilibrium profiles are most unstable for primary modes for the given conditions compared to their equilibrium counterpart.
b. Under adiabatic conditions, the translation temperature at the wall is the maximum for the gas in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium (larger thermal boundary layers).
This can be attributed to the slow reaction rates under nonequilibrium conditions and hence lesser amount of the energy absorption by the dissociation reactions.
The example of DNS simulation described above can serve as the best example of steady-state thermal analysis. As an extension to this, we performed the simulation over the same geometry but this time with
stochastic roughness. Introduction of roughness nullified any effect of the linear modes in a transition of flow. Tertiary nonlinear modes of instability with vortical structures were observed to be responsible for the transition.
Overview
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